JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science)

The Effect of Oil Type on the Characterization of Physical Properties and Dissolution of the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Fenofibric Acid

Wira Noviana Suhery, Meiriza Djohari, Novia Risky Nur — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oil components of fenofibric acid self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems. The investigated oils are long chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium chain triglycerides (MCT). The oils used are peanut oil (F1), castor oil (F2), virgin coconut oil (F3), and palm oil (F4). The study showed that the solubility of fenofibric acid in each oil F1 (0.57 ± 0.009 mg/ml), F2 (5.45 ± 0.17 mg/ml), F3 (0.85±0.007 mg/ml), F4 (1.04±0.03 mg/ml. The solubility of fenofibric acid in SNEDDS; F1 (27.72±0.54 mg/ml), F2 (35.50±0.96mg/ml), F3 (29.58±0.47 mg/ml), and F4 (32.14±0.44 mg/ml). The different spontaneous emulsification times were F1 (146.51 ± 2.85 seconds), F2 (37.11 ± 1.83 seconds), F3 (99.98 ± 0.63 seconds), and F4 (56.40 ± 1.71 seconds), and the results of dissolution at 60 minutes are F1 (73.66 ± 0.56%), F2 (96.52 ± 0.34%), F3 (77.87±0.81%), F4 (85.23 ± 0.98%). The type of oil can affect the characterization physical properties and dissolution of fenofibric acid SNEDDS. The best formula was shown by F2, which was a formula containing castor oil as an oil component.

The Relationship Between the Use of Combination Antidiabetic and Antihipertensive Drug of Classes on the Incidence of Drug Interaction in BPJS Patients

Annis Rahmawaty, Rika Agustina, Heni Setyoningsih, Rifda Naufa Lina — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases that require long-term therapy, patients will receive a combination of more than two types of drugs. Therapy with two or more types of drugs can cause drug interactions that have an impact on the patient's treatment. Chronic complications can affect body organs, including morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of drug interactions when using a combination of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drug classes and to determine the relationship between the use of a combination of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drug classes on the incidence of drug interactions. This research was conducted prospectively on drug prescriptions for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension in BPJS referral patients at Waras Purwodadi Pharmacy. A total of 51 samples were obtained. Data were analyzed descriptively to see the incidence of drug interactions using Stockley's Drug Interactions Eight Edition 2008, Drug Interaction Facts 2009, Medscape Drug Interaction Checker Application, and Drug Interaction Checker (Drugs.com). Data analysis was analyzed using SPSS using the Chi-Square test. There were drug interactions in 44 prescriptions (86.3%) and there were no drug interactions in 7 prescriptions (13.7%). The results of the Chi-Square test showed that there was a relationship between the use of combination of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drug of classes on the incidence of drug interactions in BPJS patients, with a value of P = 0.000 (P < 0.05). The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship Between The Use of Combination Antidiabetic and Antihipertensive drug of Classes On The Incidence Of Drug Interaction In BPJS Patients

Formulation and Test of Characteristics of Hati Tanah Tuber (Angiopteris evecta) Ethanol Extract Gel Preparation

Rezqi handayani, Nurul Qamariah — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Gel is a semisolid topical preparation that provides a cool sensation, easy to clean easy to spread, and has good absorption on the skin. Hati Tanah tuber (Angiopteris evecta) contain Flavonoids, Tannins, and Saponins compounds that act as antibacterials. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of Hati Tanah tuber can be formulated into an anti-acne gel preparation and whether the physical properties of the gel preparation meet the physical standards. The method used in this study was experiment by making gel preparations of ethanol extract of Hati Tanah tuber with variations in extract concentrations of 0%, 0,5%, 1%, and 5% and testing the physical properties of organoleptic, homogeneity, adhesion, dispersion, and pH. The results obtained showed that the gel preparation formulation add with ethanol extract of Hati Tanah tuber had a distinctive smell and color from ethanol extract of Hati Tanah tuber. The physical properties of gel preparations of ethanol extracts of Hati Tanah tuber, namely F1, F2, and F3 in the adhesion test meet the requirements, in the homogeneity test only F2 meets the requirements. While in the dispersion test, only F1 meets the requirements, and in the pH test only F2 and F3 have pH values that meet the requirements.

Validation and Determination of Paracetamol Contents in Pegal Linu Jamu Circulated in Pekanbaru by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

Nadya Putri Auliya Serawaidi, Subardi Bali, Suci Aprilia — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Herbal medicine, a method of prevention and treatment based on nature, has been used for generations. Medicinal Chemicals (BKO) are added to conventional medicinal preparations to accelerate the therapeutic effect, because these products are in great demand by consumers. The distribution of herbal medicines containing BKO which is dangerous to the public is prohibited based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 007 of 2012. Herbal medicines for rheumatic pain and stiffness sold in Pekanbaru City will be analyzed for the BKO paracetamol content in this study. Sample b was found not to contain paracetamol, as determined through qualitative analysis using thin layer chromatography. For quantitative analysis using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and this method was validated. The linear regression line equation obtained for paracetamol in the concentration range of 2-10 ppm is y = 0.0745x + 0.0422 which meets the SNI, AOAC and Eurachem criteria. The r value is 0.9993. The resulting recovery percentage range was 96.375 to 96.822, which meets AOAC specifications. The obtained RSD of 0.28% meets the specified criteria. The LOD calculation results obtained were 0.6523 parts per million (ppm), while the LOQ was 2.174 ppm. The results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis show that samples a, c, d, e, and f contain paracetamol with concentrations of 3.54%, 6.65%, 7.71%, 6.00%, and 5.84% respectively.

Nutritional Content of Maman Plant (Cleome Gynandra L) and Joruk Maman

Lily Lily Restusari, Sri Mulyani, Yuliana Arsil, Fathul Jannah — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Maman (Cleome gynandra L) is one of the plants that is often consumed by people in Riau Province, especially in Rokan Hulu and Rokan Hilir Regencies. Maman is usually consumed in a fermented form called joruk maman. The nutritional value content of a food ingredient can be known through several analyses, one of which is proximate analysis. Based on the background stated above, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the nutritional content of protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, water content and ash content of maman plants, fresh and dried (simplesia), and Joruk Maman. The types and methods used in this research are experimental research and quantitative descriptive methods. The results of proximate analysis on three samples showed that the highest levels of protein in maman powder (30.08%), fat content in joruk maman (2.95%), water content in joruk maman (92.06%), carbohydrate content in maman powder (26.9727%), ash content in maman powder (17.75%), and fiber content in maman powder (7.84%).

Analysis and Factor Affecting Cost of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

heny dwi arini, Agustina Nila Yuliawati; Balqish Fathoum Medinna — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The high incidence of breast cancer poses an economic burden to patients as well as the government due to expensive and periodic medical expenses. Therefore, a cost analysis is needed which can provide input for estimated costs to be incurred in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine cost estimates and factors that affect chemotherapy costs in breast cancer patients. Observational study with a cross-sectional design using data on treatment episodes for breast cancer patients during the 2022 period at X Hospital. The purposive sampling method was used by fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Retrospective data collection from medical records and patient billing. Data analysis included patient demographic characteristics, treatment cost calculations, and factors affecting costs with a multivariate linear regression test. The results showed that the highest average total cost of breast cancer chemotherapy at X Hospital for the 2022 period was IDR 34,040,751 at stage III class 1, and the factor that affected chemotherapy costs was age (p = 0.021).

Comparison of Antifungal Activity Ringgang Leaf Extract and Fractions (Cassia alata L.) Against Malassezia globosa and Microsporum canis

Wahyu Margi Sidoretno — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Gelinggang (Cassia alata L.) leaves are traditionally used by Indonesian people to treat skin diseases such as ringworm, tinea versicolor and scabies. This study aims to determine the comparison of extract and fraction of gelinggang leaves against Malassezia globosa and Microsporum canis. The samples used were ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol fraction from gelinggang leaf. Based on phytochemical screening tests, flavonoids and alkaloids contained in gelinggang leaf ethyl acetate fraction and ethanol fraction. Terpenoids contained in the leaves gelinggang n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction. Saponins contained in the leaves gelinggang ethanol fraction. Phenolic contained in gelinggang leaf n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and ethanol fraction. Antifungal activity testing using Kirby-Bauer method on Malassezia globosa obtained MIC with ethanol extract gelinggang leaf sample (1%) 10.4 mm; n-hexane fraction (1%) 7.8 mm; ethyl acetate fraction (1%) 16.3 mm; ethanol fraction (5%) 8,8 mm. Against Microsporum canis with gelinggang leaf sample ethanol extract (1%) obtained inhibition zone 15.5 mm; n-hexane fraction (1%) 9.9 mm; ethyl acetate fraction (1%) 18.2 mm; ethanol fraction (1%) 8.3 mm. It can be concluded that the extract and fraction gelinggang leaf able to inhibit are growth Malassezia globosa and Microsporum canis.

Chemical profiling of African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) and Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) extracts using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) and kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) are plants that belong to the asteraceae family. Members of asteraceae have been used in food and medicine for centuries. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in African leaves extracts and kenikir leaves through phytochemical screening using Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method detected using UV 254nm and UV 366 nm light, as well as spot revealers that match the chemical group. The results of phytochemical screening using KLT show that African leaves contain flavonoids, terpenoids. And kenikir leaf extract is positive for steroids and flavonoids, one of them which is isocuesitrin.

Antihypertensive Effectiveness of Calcium Channel Blockers Compared to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Hypertensive Patients with Renal Impairment.

Ekanita Desiani, Siti Fatimatul Azahro, Siti Fatimatul Azahro — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Hypertension can cause damage to blood vessels in the kidneys so that the kidneys cannot filter blood properly. Appropriate and effective management of hypertension complicated by kidney disorders is needed in patients with kidney disorders to control blood pressure and slow down the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The use of combination Calcium Channel Blocker antihypertensive drugs compared to combination Angiostensin Receptor Blockers has a therapeutic effect on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with renal impairment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) combination compared to Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) combination in hypertensive patients with renal impairment outpatients at RSUD Kraton Pekalongan. This study is a non-experimental observational study with retrospective data on hypertensive patients with renal impairment from January to December 2022. The samples in this study were medical records of outpatients with hypertension and renal impairment who were given antihypertensive drugs of the CCB and ARB combination groups at the Public Hospital. Kraton that met the patient inclusion criteria. The results showed that the highest percentage of patients were over 60 years of age with 25 people (48%), male sex with 32 people (62%), use of antihypertensive drugs class ARB + diuretics with 16 people (30.7%) and use of antihypertensive group ARB + CCB + diuretic in 16 people (30.7%), the use of combined ARB and CCB drugs resulted in no increase in GFR in 29 people (55.7%) with the result p value = 0.570 p , the effect of drug use The combined ARB and combined CCB resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in 42 people (80.6%) with a p value = 0.178 p. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the most patients are patients aged over 60 years with the sex of male patients, and there is no difference in the effectiveness of using antihypertensive groups CCB and ARB in hypertensive patients with kidney disorders in outpatient care at Kraton Pekalongan Hospital

Comparison Extraction Processed of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

Eri Marwati, Fahmi Sadik — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 23:51:32 +0700

Coconut planted (Cocos nucifera L.) was one of the commodities that had high economic valued if managed properly. The numbered of coconut planted that grew could have used as superior products and high economic valued, one of which was by being used as virgin coconut oil or Virgin Coconut Oil. Better recognition of the beneficial health effects of coconut oil, especially virgin coconut oil is praised for its beneficial properties. The purpose of this studied was to determine the comparison of made VCO (virgin coconut oil) with or without the addition of pineapple filtrate. This researched is an experimental researched with the method of made VCO with variations in the addition of pineapple filtrate and without pineapple filtrate. The results showed the highest yield in VCO with the addition of pineapple filtrate 28%, the highest moisture content in VCO without the addition of pineapple filtrate 0.29%, the average free fatty acid content had the same value of 0.512%, the highest total plate numbered in VCO without the addition of pineapple filtrate 626 CFU/ml as well as positively contained alkaloids and saponins. The addition of pineapple filtrate could affect the yield of VCO produced but it needed to considered for its quality to met SNI and APCC quality requirements.

The Use of Palm Oil Shell Waste Combined with Aloe vera Ethanol Extract as Antibacterial Agent

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The enormous potential for producing palm oil shell waste can be utilized as an effort to reduce palm oil waste, namely by processing palm kernel shells into activated charcoal combined with ethanol extract of aloe vera as an antibacterial product. The aim of this research is to actively test palm oil shells in combination with aloe vera extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria as natural antibacterials. The concentrations of activated charcoal and aloe vera ethanol extract are 0%:100%, 0%:50%. 100%:0%, 50%:0%, 50%:50%, 25%:25%, 30%:70%, 15%:35% and cream concentrations of 10% and 20%. The research method used an antibacterial testing method, namely the agar diffusion method with the positive control amoxicillin. The data obtained were analyzed using a completely randomized design and continued with the DMRT test at a 95% confidence interval. The results of this study show that there is great antibacterial activity in the combination of activated charcoal and aloe vera extract with a ratio of 15%:35% with an inhibition zone of 18.25 mm in Escherichia coli bacteria and 15.07 mm.

Levels of Adherence to Medication in Hypertensive Patients Based on Sociodemography at One of the Community Health Centers in Pekanbaru

Husnawati - Husnawati — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:41:37 +0700

Hypertension is a chronic disease that cannot be cured, but can be controlled and requires long-term or even lifelong treatment. Hypertension drugs must be taken regularly to control blood pressure and avoid the risk of complications. An important factor in achieving successful hypertension therapy is adherence. Conversely, non-adherence is one of the main factors causing therapy failure. This study aims to determine the level of medication adherence in hypertensive patients at one of the community health centers in Pekanbaru city. This research is an observational study with a descriptive research design using concurrent data collection techniques. The sampling technique in this study was carried out non-randomly using purposive sampling method. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that most of the respondents were aged 41-60 years (middle adults), female, with junior high school education levels (secondary education) and unemployed employment status. The level of adherence in terms of gender and employment status did not differ much, but based on age and level of education, the older the age and the higher the level of education, the higher the level of adherence

The Relationship between Routine Feeding of Food Containing Calcium and Vitamin D by Mothers with the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers in Sijunjung Regency–West Sumatera

Cindy Elvionita, Cindy Elvionita — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 01:12:58 +0700

Stunting is a disruption in the growth and development of children within 1000 days of life due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections which is characterized by their length or height being below standard. Calcium and vitamin D are nutrients that influence bone mineralization. Good bone mineralization during growth allows optimal linear growth. This study aims to determine the relationship between providing food containing calcium and Vitamin D with the incidence of stunting in children under five in Sijunjung Regency. This research is a quantitative research with an analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach method. The number of samples in this study was 36 people with a distribution of 13 men (35.71%) and 23 women (64.29%). There were 5 (38.46%) male toddlers and 9 (39.13%) female toddlers who experienced stunting. Based on data analysis carried out using chi-aquare (X₂), it was found that p=0.021 and p=0.018 for the relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake and the incidence of stunting. Based on this, it shows that p < 0.05. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between providing food containing calcium and vitamin D and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Sijunjung Regency.

Test of Effectiveness of Matoa Leaf Extract and Fraction Against Antihypertensive and Antihypercholesterolemia In Vivo

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 02:03:14 +0700

Hiperkolesterolemia dan hipertensi merupakan penyakit kardiovaskular yang berbahaya. Beberapa faktor resiko bersifat permanen seperti usia, jenis kelamin, genetik dan faktor lainnya dapat dimodifikasi seperti merokok, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, gizi buruk, tekanan darah tinggi, diabetes tipe II, dislipidemia dan obesitas. Aterosklerosis dan hipertensi berpotensi berkembang menjadi penyakit kardiovaskular yang berbahaya seperti infark miokard dan stroke. Bahan alam banyak digunakan sebagai alternatif pengobatan kardiovaskular seperti daun matoa, daun matoa banyak digunakan sebagai oabat diabetes melitus, diare dan disentri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektivitas dan pengaruh lama pemberian ekstrak dan fraksi daun matoa Pometia pinnata J. R Forst & G. Forst terhadap penurunan kolesterolemia dan hipertensi pada hewan uji. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji berupa tikus dan burung puyuh. Pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan instrumen CODA®, dan pengukuran kadar kolesterol meggunakan fotometer klinik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun matoa dapat mempengaruhi kadar kolesterolemia dengan dosis yang efektif 300 mg/kgbb, dan fraksi daun matoa mempengaruhi tekanan darah dengan dosis efektif Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menyatakan ekstrak dan fraksi daun matoa dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah dan tekanan darah pada hewan percobaan serta semakin tinggi dosis yang diberikan maka semakin tinggi juga penurunannya.

Development and Validation of a Quetionnaire to Measure Patient Satisfaction with The Implementation of Telepharmacy in The Pharmacy

Martania Pratiwi, Umatul Khoiriyah, Suci Hanifah — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 21:16:21 +0700

Customer satisfaction surveys measure how satisfied consumers are with relevant product or service attributes and the importance of those attributes. In general, surveys use a five-point scale (Schiffman et al., 2010). Patient satisfaction can be revealed through several measuring tools. Questionnaires or assessment instruments are tools used to apply all content validity methods. The final result of content validity is an assessment of the appropriateness of the test content. Lawshe proposed a method called the content validity ratio as a result of measuring expert assessments of their agreement on content validity using statistical techniques of agreement between raters. The process of reviewing items by a panel of experts by providing input from validators is used as a reference to compose sentences that are more appropriate to the aspects and easy to understand. So to get a patient satisfaction questionnaire regarding the implementation of telepharmacy in pharmacies, some validation evidence is needed which can then produce a proper, valid questionnaire. and reliable for use in analysis of pharmacy telepharmacy patient satisfaction. To collect evidence of the validity of knowing and obtaining an instrument (questionnaire) that can be used to measure patient satisfaction with the implementation of telepharmacy services in pharmacies. Expert review (dianalisis CVI), Proses respon, Evaluasi struktur : internal struktur dengan EFA (eksplratory factor analysis) dan reliabilitas. From the SPSS results, analysis of factor loading values with Cronbach's alpha shows that the total reliability score for the expected attribute is 0.977 for factor 1, expected 0.973 and 0.926 for factor 2, expected 0.926. Meanwhile, the results of the reality reliability test, the total Cronbach's alpha score, was 0.979, with the Cronbach's alpha value for factor 1 being 0.976 and factor 2 being 0.931. From the reliability data used for each subscale it is above 0.9 so that the question statement items with Cronbach's alpha values are below 0.9 will experience elimination. A total of 10 questions were eliminated because the reliability value was below 0.9. The higher the Cronbach' alpha value, the more valid, good and reliable an item is said to be. The patient satisfaction questionnaire has sufficient evidence of validity including evidence of content validity, response process and internal structure.

Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Lip cream Preparations From Ethanol Extract of Red Fruit Seeds (Pandanus Conoideus L) as a Natural Dye Using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrihidrazil) Method

Nur Baetty Primadani, Rugayyah Alyidrus, Nurfiddin Farid, Nielma Auliah — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 21:23:50 +0700

Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Lip Cream Preparations from Ethanol Extract of Red Fruit Seeds (Pandanus conoideus L) as A Natural Dye Using The DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrihidrazil) Method.
Red fruit seeds are botanical specimens that possess keratenoid chemicals, specifically b-carotene and a-carotene, which exhibit antioxidant properties. The objective of this study is to develop a stable Lipcream formulation and measure the IC50 value of the lipcream prepared from the ethanol extract of red fruit seeds (Pandanus conoideus L), which has antioxidant properties. An experimental research approach utilizing a solvent maceration technique with a solvent concentration of 96%. The obtained concentrated extract was subjected to rotation, followed by the fabrication of solutions with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, utilizing beeswax as a thickening agent. Kaolin is used as a texturizer. The emollients used are castor oil, cetyl alcohol, and dimethicon. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben are utilized as preservatives. Titanium dioxide serves as a pigment. The scent of vanilla. The preparation was evaluated by a cycling test consisting of 6 cycles over a period of 12 days. Organoleptic observations revealed a semi-solid texture, cream-like form, and a vanilla scent. The homogeneity test yielded consistent results, with pH measurements exceeding 0.05p, spreadability test results surpassing 0.05p, and adhesiveness test results meeting the specified standards. In addition to doing antioxidant testing, the DPPH method is employed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The research findings indicate that the ethanol extract derived from red fruit seeds (Pandanus conoideus L) can be effectively made into a stable lip cream formulation, both in terms of its physical and chemical properties. The IC50 values obtained from the lip cream formulation including the ethanol extract of red fruit seeds (Pandanus conoideus L) were 59,496 ppm, 52,817 ppm, and 5,581 ppm, respectively. Formula 3 contains the most potent antioxidant value among all lip cream preparations.

Antidiabetic Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Babandotan Leaves (Ageratum Conyzoides L.) in Male White Mice (Mus musculus L.) in Alloxan-Induced Males

Mira Febrina, Syilfia Hasti, Arnel Nurisma, Nanang Nanang — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 21:54:17 +0700

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by an increased blood glucose level due to insulin deficiency, either absolute or relative. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of the babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaves ethanol extract against alloxan-induced male white mice (Mus musculus L.). The inducer used was 175 mg/kgBW of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally. The parameters observed were blood glucose level, body weight, 24-hour drinking water volume, and 24-hour urine volume. A total of 30 mice were divided randomly into 6 treatment groups, group 1 served as the normal group, namely mice with blood glucose levels < 200 mg/dL and were only given food or drink, group 2 served as the negative control, that is diabetic mice were given Na CMC 1 %, group 3 served as the positive control, namely diabetic mice that were given 0.65 mg/kgBW of glibenclamide and group 4, 5 and 6 were groups of diabetic mice that were given babandotan leaves ethanol extract doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kgBW. The ethanol extract of babandotan leaves was administered once a day for 15 consecutive days. The results showed that the administration of babandotan leaves ethanol extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice, a significant difference in body weight observations (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control, a decreased of 24-hour drinking water volume (p < 0.05) and also a decreased of 24-hour urine volume (p < 0.05).

Formulation and Evaluation of Ointment Preparations with Nutgrass Extract (Cyperus rotundus L.) Using Different Ointment Bases

Yusfia Urwatul Wutsqa, Abdul Munif, Dwi Retno Sari — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 22:24:31 +0700

Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Cyperaceae family. Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) is often used as a remedy to treat diseases caused by bacterial activity such as skin itching, boils, and vaginal discharge. The aim of this research is to determine the physical properties of the ointment containing nutgrass extract (Cyperus rotundus L.). Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) is extracted using 70% ethanol solvent and then formulated into ointments with different concentrations of hydrocarbon and absorbent bases. The ointment preparations made consist of three formulations with extract concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40% to allow for comparison. The evaluation tests for the ointment preparations containing nutgrass extract (Cyperus rotundus L.) include organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, and stability tests. The analysis method used in this research is descriptive, which involves describing the results of the formulations of ointment preparations with nutgrass extract (Cyperus rotundus L.). The research results indicate that ethanol extract can be formulated into ointment preparations, and there are several tests that meet the evaluation criteria, namely organoleptic tests, adhesion tests, and homogeneity tests.

Activity Antibacterial Assay of Coffee Mistletoe Leaves (Loranthus Ferrugineus Roxb) Ethanol Extract is Against Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Siti Rahmi Ningrum, Kanne Dachi, Muharni Saputri — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 23:03:00 +0700

Coffee mistletoe (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb) is a plant that has been researched globally and contains metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which have been extensively researched to have natural antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. For centuries, mistletoe has been widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-cancer agent for diarrhea and other infectious diseases. The study's goals are to find out what kind of metabolite compounds are in the ethanol extract of mistletoe coffee leaves and how well that extract kills Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. This research method is experimental, which includes collecting plant material, identifying plants, processing samples of coffee mistletoe into an ethanol extract of coffee mistletoe with a 96% ethanol solvent, and then testing phytochemical screening against coffee mistletoe simplisa. Antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of coffee mistletoe against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using the well diffusion test method. The ethanol extract of coffee mistletoe provides phytochemical screening results, including phenyl, terpenoids, and alkaloids. From the test results, it can be seen that the ethanol extract of coffee mistletoe can kill bacteria with the inhibitory power value of the extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with a minimum inhibitory power of 7.5 mm at a concentration of 3.125 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and 8.9 mm at a concentration of 3.125 mg/ml against Escherichia coli bacteria. Judging from the inhibitory zone value, it is in the weak category for the lowest concentration in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Antimicrobial Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mangkokan Leaves (Nothopanax scutellarius (Brum.f.) Fosberg) Against Various Pathogenic Microbes

Goldha Faroliu, Annisa Fitri Angraini, Atyka Putri Wisni — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 23:31:51 +0700

Mangkokan leaves (Nothopanax scutellarius (Brum.f.) Fosberg) is an ornamental plant that usually grows in home gardens, relatively popular and is used as an alternative medicine such as improving the digestive system, preventing hair loss, treating wounds, anti-inflammation, improving blood flow, preventing the appearance of symptoms of anemia and antioxidants. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of extracts and ethyl acetate fractions towards Salmonella gastroenterites, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Eschericia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. The ethanol extract of mangkokan leaves contains alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, steroids and terpenoids, and the ethyl acetate fraction of mangkokan leaves shows that it contains phenolic, steroids and terpenoids. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of mangkokan leaves has the ability to inhibit the growth of Salmonella gastroenterite, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, E.coli, B.subtilis, and C.albicans, with moderate categories of antibacterial activity and weak category for antifungal activity. It can be concluded that mangkokan leaf extracts and fractions have the potential to be antimicrobial.