Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KITOLOD (Isotoma longiflora) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus pyogenes

2024-01-08T12:15:16+07:00

Kitolod is a plant that is easy to grow in the tropics, including Indonesia. Kitolod leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids that have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of kitolod leaf extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. This research is quasi-experimental with purposive sampling technique. Kitolod leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol then dissolved in 15% DMSO to obtain concentrations of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%. Each concentration was replicated three times, and the control used the antibiotic bacitracin. After carrying out the antimicrobial sensitivity test using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, the results obtained were inhibition zones of 17.66 mm (sensitive), 18.16 mm (sensitive), 18.50 mm (sensitive), 19 mm (sensitive), 19. 83 mm (sensitive), 21.16 mm (sensitive), 21.83 mm (sensitive), 22.33 mm (sensitive), and 23.83 mm (sensitive) respectively, while the bacitracin control was 17.5 mm (sensitive). Thus, kitolod leaf extract proved to have antibacterial activity against the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes.

PENGARUH STABILITAS KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA SERUM SEGERA DIPERIKSA DAN DITUNDA 7 HARI PADA SUHU 2-8◦C

2024-01-08T13:25:37+07:00

Examination of triglyceride levels using serum specimens is recommended to be examined immediately, but the examination can be delayed due to factors such as power outages and equipment damage. Deferred serum should be stored in a proper manner. Storage of specimens is one of the pre-analytic stages with a large risk of error. Research Objectives: knowing effect of triglyceride levels in serum which were immediately examined and delayed for 7 days at temperature of 2-8^oC. Research method: This research is experimental design with pre-test and post-test design. The research population, namely students of level 1 and 2 of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang, amounted to 221 people. The sampling technique used random sampling. Triglyceride levels were checked using the Biosystem-350 tool. Data analysis using Wilcoxon test. Results: the average serum triglyceride level immediately checked was 73.43mg/dl, the average serum triglyceride level was delayed 7 days at temperature of 2-8^oC was 72.63mg/dl. The results of the Wilcoxon test data analysis obtained a Pvalue =0.493. Conclusion: There is no difference in the average results of the examination of triglyceride levels in serum which are immediately examined and delayed for 7 days at temperature of 2-8^oC

ANALISIS MIKROBIOLOGI PADA JAJANAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI SEPANJANG JALAN SUTOREJO SURABAYA

2024-01-08T13:49:25+07:00

Coliform bacteria are indicators of food contamination that can cause diseases such as diarrhea. The presence of Coliform bacteria in food or beverages indicates poor hygiene and sanitation in food service providers. The purpose of this study was to determine Coliform bacteria in street vendors' snacks along Sutorejo street in Surabaya using the MPN (Most Probable Number) method, ALT (Total Plate Number) and identification of Coliform bacteria with Biochemical tests. This research method uses laboratory experiments. The results showed, of the 12 samples of snacks, there were 4 (33%) samples that met the MPN quality requirements and 8 (67%) samples that did not meet the requirements. Based on the ALT test, 3 (25%) samples met the SNI requirements and 9 (75%) samples did not meet the requirements. Coliform bacteria identification results, there were 6 (50%) positive samples of E.coli bacteria, 2 (17%) positive samples of Klebsiella sp., 1 (8%) positive sample of Enterobacter sp. and 3 (25%) samples were not contaminated by Coliform bacteria. From the results of this study it can be concluded that there are still many snacks contaminated by Coliform bacteria and dominated by E.coli.

PEMANFAATAN PERASAN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN ANGKA KUMAN PADA DAGING AYAM

2024-01-08T13:27:02+07:00

Abstract

Damage to meat can be caused due to physical impacts, chemical changes, and microbial activity. Four hours after cutting, without preservatives chicken meat begins to spoil. Star fruit plants have many benefits from leaves, fruits and even stems. The flavonoid content in star fruit works by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane so that bacteria will be damaged and die. The purpose of this study was to determine the squeeze of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) in inhibiting the growth of germ numbers in fresh cut chicken. This type of research is a pure experiment with pre and post test design with control. Researchers provide treatment or intervention on a variable. From this treatment, changes or influences on other variables are expected. The results of this study resulted in the average number of germs in 0, 2, 4, and 6-hour controls was 1.1 × 109 CFU / gr; 1.65 × 108 CFU/gr ; 1.69 × 108 CFU/gr ; 5.7 × 108 CFU/gr. While the average germ number in marinated chicken meat using variations in soaking time using star fruit juice with various variations in soaking time at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours is 1.1 × 109 CFU / gr; 7.4 × 107 CFU/gr ; 8.5 ×108 CFU/gr ; 1.4 × 109 CFU/gr. So it can be concluded that star fruit juice has an effect on reducing the number of germs within 2 hours of treatment.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ALTERNATIF BEKATUL BERAS MERAH (ORYZA NIVARA) DAN BERAS PUTIH (ORYZA SATIVA L) TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI JAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS DENGAN KONTROL MEDIA SABORAUD DEXTROSE AGAR

2024-01-08T13:28:10+07:00

Jamur Candida albicans membutuhkan sumber nutrisi terutama karbohidrat untuk tumbuh dan berksembang-biak. Identifikasi, isolasi dan konfirmasi hasil pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis memerlukan media kultur. Bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) dan bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L), bekatul mempunyai karbohidrat sebanyak 84,36%, vitamin, dan nutrisi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur Candida albicans pada media SDA (Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar), media alternatif bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) dan media alternatif bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen murni (true experiment). Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium mikrobiologi Institut Ilmu Kesehatan dan Teknologi Muhammadiyah Palembang pada tanggal 13 desember 2021 - 17 desember 2021 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 sampel. Hasil penelitian dengan nilai rata-rata dari hasil pemeriksaan perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur Candida albicans pada media SDA (Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar) 111 CFU/mL, media alternatif bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) 146 CFU/mL dan media alternatif bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L). Uji ANOVA didapatkan nilai p = < 0,001. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa Bekatul beras putih dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans.

PROFIL KADAR C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Rheumatoid Factor (RF) DAN LIMFOSIT SEBAGAI INDIKATOR RESPON IMUNITAS PADA LANSIA

2024-01-08T13:29:03+07:00

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that is present in normal serum in very small amounts. There are many factors that can affect CRP levels including age, gender, and smoking status. Increasing age allows the emergence of several groups of rheumatic diseases. One of the rheumatism groups that often accompanies the elderly is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Elderly is an age that has a greater chance of experiencing autoimmunity. RA sufferers in the elderly around the world have reached 355 million people, meaning that 1 in 6 elderly people in the world suffer from rheumatism. The resulting human immune response depends on lymphocytes, where systemic inflammation significantly suppresses cellular immunity. Based on the Central Java Health Profile (2019) it shows that the number of elderly people in Cilacap Regency is 174,143 people. This study aims to analyze the number of lymphocytes as an indicator of the immune response in the elderly against levels of CRP, RF. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. From the results of a study of 30 samples in residents of RW 03, Donan Cilacap Village, the results of qualitative examination of CRP and RF levels showed normal results (100%), and the lymphocyte count results obtained for a number of 12 samples showed low results.

DENTIFIKASI CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA AIR MINUM DI KELURAHAN TLOGOSARI WETAN KOTA SEMARANG

2024-01-08T13:38:37+07:00

Pada tahun 2021 telah dilakukan pemeriksaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air sumur gali di Kelurahan Tlogosari Wetan hasil menunjukkan bahwa air sumur gali positif mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli. Dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air sumur gali yang digunakan sebagai sumber air minum, memungkinkan tercemarnya air minum tersebut dengan bakteri Escherichia coli sehingga tidak sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 yang menyatakan bahwa air minum tidak boleh mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli per 100 ml sampel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli pada air minum di Kelurahan Tlogosari Wetan Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan kriteria deskriptif melalui pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan metode membran filter. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan bakteri Escherichia coli metode membran filter yang dilakukan pada 10 sampel air minum diperoleh 3 sampel positif mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli, sedangkan 7 sampel lainnya negatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Dari 10 sampel air minum yang diperiksa, ditemukan 3 sampel terkontaminasi bakteri Escherichia coli dan 7 sampel lainnya tidak mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis

2024-01-08T13:39:16+07:00

Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) is one part of the Noni plant that contains metabolite compounds that are antibacterial. The antibacterial compounds produced are known to inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria. The purpose of this study was to measure the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of noni fruit extract against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro using the disc diffusion method. The results of this study indicate that the lowest concentration of Noni Fruit extract (60% v/v) can inhibit the growth of all types of bacteria tested. From the four test bacteria, the largest inhibition zone was found on Escherichia coli with a size of 23.05 mm at a concentration of 80% v/v Noni Fruit extract.

PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP STABILITAS REAGEN KERJA PADA HASIL PEMERIKSAAN KADAR KREATININ

2024-01-08T13:41:18+07:00

Kidney is one of the organs of the body whose role is very important to maintain the stability of volume, osmolarity of extracellular fluid, and electrolyte composition. One of the parameters to determine kidney function that is usually done is creatinine examination. Preparation of working reagents is very important for accurate results in an examination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage on the stability of working reagents on creatinine examination. This type of research is a pseudo-experiment, to determine the difference between working reagents that are directly used with working reagents that are stored for several days. The research variables are the length of storage of work reagents, creatinine levels and storage temperature. The sample used in this study was normal creatinine control. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and using the Kruskal Wallis Non Parametric test. The results of the study showed that the average reagent immediately and 5 days was 0.8 mg/dl and at 8 days 1.2 mg/dl, the accuracy obtained was -3.2% and 0.4%, the precision value obtained was 35.1% and 31.0%, in statistical tests significant results <0.05, meaning that there are differences in the results of examinations using working reagents that are used immediately and those stored for 5 and 8 days.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENULARAN VIRUS HEPATITIS B KONTAK SERUMAH DI DI DESA BONE KABUPATEN KUPANG

2024-01-08T13:54:58+07:00

Virus Hepatitis B (VHB) dari famili Hepadnaviridae merupakan penyebab terjadinya penyakit Hepatitis B. Pajanan VHB menyebabkan keluaran klinis yaitu hepatitis akut dan Hepatitis kronik. Hepatitis akut akan sembuh dan membentuk kekebalan terhadap penyakit ini, sedangkan hepatitis yang berkembang menjadi kronik akan berakibat pada peradangan hati akut atau menahun. Pada beberapa kasus perkembangan peradangan hati akut ataupun menahun dapat menjadi sirosis hati. Virus Hepatitis B dtransmisikan secara vertikal dan horizontal. Penularan dari ibu kepada janinya melalui plasenta pada masa perinatal merupakan penularan vertikal, sedangkan penularan melalui cairan tubuh penderita Hepatitis B antara lain air liur, darah, atau cairan tubuh dan kontak seksual merupakan jenis penularan secara horizontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik, perilaku berisiko dan tingkat pengetahuan dari anggota keluarga yang kontak serumah dengan penderita Hepatitis B di Desa Bone. Jenis penelitian ini observasional analitik menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Perilaku berisiko dan tingkat pengetahuan diukur menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis Chi-Square untuk mengkaji faktor yang berhubungan dengan penularan Hepatitis B. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 37,5% responden dengan HBsAg positif terdapat pada laki-laki 20% dan 17,5% pada perempuan. Responden dengan HBsAg positif terbanyak pada kelompok usia 26-45 tahun sebesar 27,5%. Usia merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan Hepatitis B (p<0,05). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara beberapa kebiasaan yang dapat berisiko menularkan VHB, yaitu penggunaan alat pribadi bersama (p>0,05) dengan kejadian Hepatitis B. Meskipun tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Hepatitis B tergolong rendah (69,4%), namun tingkat pengetahuan responden di Desa Bone tidak merupakan faktor yang ada hubungannya dengan kejadian Hepatitis B.

HUBUNGAN PARAMETER HEMATOLOGI DENGAN HASIL SWAB PCR PASIEN COVID-19

2024-01-08T13:56:06+07:00

The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 is PCR examination, but it is difficult to implement. The earliest routine laboratory examinations requested by clinicians were hematology including hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, ALC and NLR. This examination is inexpensive and easy to obtain. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and PCR results in patients with suspected COVID-19. The study had a cross-sectional design by conducting hematological examinations on suspected Covid-19 patients undergoing PCR swabs. The study used two specimens; first, naso/oropharyngeal swab for PCR examination; second, venous blood with EDTA anticoagulant for examination of hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, NLR and ALC using an automated hematology equipment. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the mean and standard deviation. Independent variable data were tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov which were then analyzed bivariately by independent t test. The mean age of the research subjects was 48.94 years. Most of the subjects who underwent PCR swab examination were women (63%) with positive PCR swab results of 88%. The mean NLR parameter was higher in patients with positive PCR than in patients with negative PCR with p value =0.025 (p<0.05). The NLR parameter was significantly higher in patients with positive PCR so that it can be used as a guideline for clinicians in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected Covid-19.

IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. DAN Staphylococcus aureus SEBAGAI BIOMARKER CEMARAN PADA SUMBER AIR DAERAH STUNTING DI KELURAHAN BELAWAN SICANANG, KECAMATAN MEDAN BELAWAN, MEDAN

2024-01-08T13:43:38+07:00

Stunting is a disorder of growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition and repeated infections, which are characterized by below standard height. Water is a kind of resource which required for community household activities,. Therefore, water, sanitation and hygiene become particular concern. Contamination by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that transmitted through water can increase the risk of stunting in children with continuous diarrhea. This research was conducted to identify biomarkers in water sources for local residents with stunting in Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan. The biomarkers used were E. coli, Shigella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The method used in this study is the Most Probable Number (MPN) and Total Plate Count (TPC). The results of this study indicated that 2 out of 3 drinking water samples were contaminated with E. coli., and 3 out of 3 clean water samples were contaminated with E. coli. Meanwhile, the other two biomarkers were not detected in all types of samples.

PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU PENDINGINAN CARBOL FUCHSIN TERHADAP HASIL PEMERIKSAAN BASIL TAHAN ASAM

2024-01-08T13:44:20+07:00

Microscopic examination with Ziehl Neelsen staining is one way to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Ziehl Neelsen staining has 3 reagents, namely carbol fuchsin 1%, alcohol acid 3%, and methylene blue 0.1%. Based on Standard Operating Procedures, the carbol fuchsin cooling process is carried out for 5-7 minutes. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of varying carbol fuchsin cooling times of 6 minutes, 8 minutes, 10 minutes and 12 minutes on the results of BTA microscopic examination. This type of research is an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD). The samples used were BTA (+3) sputum specimens from RSUD. Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie 3 pots. The quality assessment of BTA preparations was carried out by the East Kalimantan Provincial Health Laboratory. BTA preparations were given 4 treatments varying in carbol fuchsin cooling time, namely 6 minutes, 8 minutes, 10 minutes and 12 minutes, then repeated 6 times and analyzed using the Chi-Squared test. The results of this study were that all BTA preparations that were treated with variations in carbol fuchsin cooling time were of good quality based on 6 criteria for good preparations with an average scoring of 100% in the 6 minute treatment, 98.3% in the 8 minute treatment, 96.6% in the 8 minute treatment. 10 minutes and 95% in the 12 minute treatment. Based on the results of the Chi-Squared test analysis of cleanliness criteria, a p value of 0.000 was obtained, indicating that there was no significant influence between variations in carbol fuchsin cooling time on the results of BTA microscopic examination. Thus, during the cooling stage, carbol fuchsin can be used for a duration of 5-7 minutes to produce a good quality preparation.

POTENSI FILTRAT UMBI TALAS (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) SEBAGAI ANTIKOAGULAN

2024-01-08T13:44:59+07:00

A Clinical laboratory is a health laboratory that carries out clinical specimen examination services with the type of blood test material. Blood that is used as an examination material sometimes requires additional substances that can inhibit blood clotting such as anticoagulants. Natural ingredients that are thought to have anticoagulant content are taro tuber filtrate (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). This study aimed to determine the potential of taro tuber filtrate (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) as an alternative anticoagulant. The method used in testing anticoagulant activity is Clotting Time in Vitro. Taro tubers are grated and filtered to obtain filtrate from taro tubers. Taro tuber filtrate test samples are divided into 5 concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. Each concentration was carried out 4 times with each treatment given a blood sample of 1 mL. The results of the phytochemical screening test of taro tuber filtrate contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins that have anticoagulant activity. Based on the results of clotting time testing that 1 mL of blood mixed with 10% taro tuber filtrate clotted after the 15th hour, while concentrations of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% did not occur blood clots after observation for 6 days. Based on the results of research that has been done, it can be concluded that taro tuber filtrate (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) has the potential as an alternative anticoagulant

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN TETES TEBAL MALARIA MENGGUNAKAN DARAH K3EDTA DENGAN MODIFIKASI PENAMBAHAN CaCl2

2024-02-26T09:34:21+07:00

Malaria remains a problem in South Kalimantan, with a malaria elimination rate of 53.8%. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for malaria elimination. The malaria diagnostic method utilized is the microscopic examination, which is easy and affordable. This method involves preparing thick and thin blood smears using capillary blood. However, when an anticoagulant is used in the preparation of thick blood smears for malaria, such as blood with anticoagulant, it may cause the blood smear to peel off or not adhere to the glass slide during hemolysis. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is one of the reagents used in the hematology laboratory for prothrombin time testing. CaCl₂ can activate platelets in blood with the anticoagulant K₃EDTA to induce clotting. This study aimed to determine the concentration of CaCl₂ that produces a 1.5 cm diameter thick blood smear for malaria. The experimental method was employed for this purpose. CaCl₂ solutions were prepared at concentrations of 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, and 0.1%. Microscopic examination results showed clear lysis of red blood cells, distinct leukocytes, and visible Plasmodium vivax parasites. The ANOVA test yielded a significance value of 0.00, indicating a difference in the diameter of thick blood smears for malaria prepared using blood with anticoagulant reacted with CaCl₂. Based on the Post Hoc test, the concentration of CaCl₂ that yielded favorable results for preparing thick blood smears for malaria was 4%, resulting in a diameter of 1.5 cm