Kesetaraan Skala Psikologi yang Disajikan Daring dan Luring: Kajian Literatur Deskriptif

(Submitted 29 Desember 2020) (Published 31 Agustus 2021)

  • Firmanto Adi Nurcahyo Universitas Pelita Harapan
  • Tience Debora Valentina Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 menuntut berbagai aktivitas dijalankan secara berbeda dari biasanya. Skala psikologi yang sebelumnya disajikan secara offline (luring) diubah menjadi online (daring). Terdapat kelebihan dan kelemahan dalam penyajian skala psikologi secara daring. Salah satu kelebihannya adalah memungkinkan lebih banyak orang untuk mengisinya, sedangkan kekurangannya adalah sulitnya melakukan pengontrolan dalam kondisi terstandar. Pertanyaan yang mendasar adalah apakah kualitas skala psikologi yang disajikan secara daring setara dengan skala yang disajikan secara luring. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian literatur terhadap penelitian-penelitian yang membandingkan skala psikologi secara daring dan luring. Kajian literatur deskriptif dilakukan terhadap 10 penelitian dengan jumlah responden yang bervariasi. Hasil kajian literatur menunjukkan adanya kesetaraan skala daring dan luring, berdasarkan properti psikometrinya. Dari 10 penelitian, hanya satu penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan struktur internal dari skala yang disajikan secara daring dan luring. Pemeriksaan terhadap properti psikometri suatu skala perlu dilakukan sebelum sebuah skala luring dapat diberikan secara daring.

Keywords: skala psikologi, daring, luring

References

American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.

Azwar, S. (2012). Reliabilitas dan Validitas. Pustaka Pelajar.

Barak, A. (2011). Internet-based Psychological Testing and Assessment. In Online Counseling (pp. 225–255). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-378596-1.00012-5

Bartram, D. (2009). The Advantages and Disadvantages of On‐line Testing (S. Cartwright & C. L. Cooper, Eds.; Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0011

Buchanan, T. (2002). Online assessment: Desirable or dangerous? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(2), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.33.2.148

Buchanan, T., Ali, T., Heffernan, T. M., Ling, J., Parrott, A. C., Rodgers, J., & Scholey, A. B. (2005). Nonequivalence of on-line and paper-and-pencil psychological tests: The case of the prospective memory questionnaire. Behavior Research Methods, 37(1), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206409

Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with Amos, Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Routledge.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research. Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fourth Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.

Eckford, R. D., & Barnett, D. L. (2016). Comparing Paper-and-Pencil and Internet Survey Methods Conducted in a Combat-Deployed Environment. Military Psychology, 28(4), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000118

Hertel, G., Naumann, S., Konradt, U., & Batinic, B. (2000). Personality Assessment via Internet: Comparing Online and Paper-and-Pencil Questionnaires. In Online Social Sciences (pp. 137–154).

Joubert, T., & Kriek, H. J. (2009). Psychometric comparison of paper-and-pencil and online personality assessments in a selection setting. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 35(1), 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v35i1.727

Kane, M. T. (2013). Validating the Interpretations and Uses of Test Scores: Validating the Interpretations and Uses of Test Scores. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50(1), 1–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12000

Lewis, I., Watson, B., & White, K. M. (2009). Internet versus paper-and-pencil survey methods in psychological experiments: Equivalence testing of participant responses to health-related messages. Australian Journal of Psychology, 61(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530802105865

Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2006). Pixels vs. Paper: Comparing Online and Traditional Survey Methods in Sport Psychology. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.1.100

Naus, M. J., Philipp, L. M., & Samsi, M. (2009). From paper to pixels: A comparison of paper and computer formats in psychological assessment. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.05.012

Raley, S. K., Shogren, K. A., Rifenbark, G. G., Anderson, M. H., & Shaw, L. A. (2020). Comparing the Impact of Online and Paper-and-Pencil Administration of the Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report. Journal of Special Education Technology, 35(3), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643419854491

Riva, G., Teruzzi, T., & Anolli, L. (2003). The Use of the Internet in Psychological Research: Comparison of Online and Offline Questionnaires. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103321167983

The International Test Commission. (2006). International Guidelines on Computer-Based and Internet-Delivered Testing. International Journal of Testing, 6(2), 143–171. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327574ijt0602_4

Ward, P., Clark, T., Zabriskie, R., & Morris, T. (2012). Paper/Pencil Versus Online Data Collection: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(4), 507–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2012.11950276

Weigold, A., Weigold, I. K., & Russell, E. J. (2013). Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods. Psychological Methods, 18(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031607

Published
2021-08-30
Section
Articles
pdf
Abstract views: 891
downloads: 931