Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan

PEMANFAATAN ENZIM PAPAIN DARI PEPAYA LOKAL SEBAGAI PROTEASE UNTUK ISOLASI DNA GENOME BAKTERI DALAM MENUNJANG PEMERIKSAAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

Fini Ainun Qolbi Wasdili — 2024-06-07

Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) is affected by many factors, one of which is DNA isolation. Proteinase K is a common protease used in DNA isolation. However, proteinase K is relatively expensive and limited. To date, many studies have been conducted to explore alternative protease from nature. Papain is an enzyme derived from papaya, which has been frequently observed, makes it promising as protease in DNA isolation. This study aims to evaluate potency of papain as cheaper alternative in DNA isolation from Salmonella thypi. This study consisted of four steps: papain extraction, characterization of papain, DNA isolation, and fliC detection with PCR. Papain was acquired with tapping method which resulted in approximately 1700 μl bp. Molecular weight of papain was 23,4 kDa, and its total concentration was 903 mg/mL. Whole genom of Salmonella thypi was successfully isolated using papain. The DNA concentration was also comparable to control. Nevertheless, the purity was low which is not recommended to be used in PCR.

EFEKTIFITAS RENDAMAN DAUN ANDONG (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Chev) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI EOSIN 2% PADA PEMERIKSAAN TELUR CACING SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS (STH)

Rizka Ayu Wahyuni — 2024-06-07

Worm infection is still a health problem in developing countries like Indonesia. The prevalence of worms in Indonesia is generally still very high, especially among the less fortunate, with poor sanitation. Diagnosis of worm infection can be made by examining preparations using 2% Eosin dye. The simplest technique for examining intestinal nematode worm eggs is the native method, this technique uses 2% eosin reagent with the following objectives: to assess the various elements in preparations or preparations. Eosin itself is not easily decomposed and creates toxic and flammable waste, so a natural dye is needed for soaking horseradish leaves (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Chev) as an alternative dye. ) in coloring STH worm eggs. The research design used in this study was experimental. Andong leaves were soaked using 2N HCl for 24 hours. of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% which gives effective results only at concentrations of 80% and 100%.

Keyword : Soil Transmitted Helmint (STH), Eosin, Andong leaf

AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR Candida albicans INFUSA DAUN BUAS-BUAS (Premna cardifolia) SECARA IN VITRO

Nurbidayah Nurbidayah — 2024-06-07

Buas-buas (Premna cardifolia) merupakan tanaman dari famili Verbenaceae yang merupakan tanaman obat di Indonesia. Pengobatan yang dapat diberikan untuk mengatasi infeksi yang disebabkan jamur C. albicans kebanyakan menggunakan obat-obatan kimia. Namun, penggunaan dalam jangka waktu yang lama akan menimbulkan efek samping. Oleh karena itu diperlukannya pengobatan dengan bahan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antijamur menggunakan persentase penghambatan jamur. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah True Eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan penelitian Posttests-Only with Control Group Design. Sampel akan dibuat menjadi infusa daun buas-buas dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Hasil skrining fitokimia yang terkandung dalam infusa daun buas-buas menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, dan fenol. Hasil aktivitas antibakteri yaitu pada kontrol negatif (0%) dan konsentrasi 20% tidak terlihat zona bening, kontrol positif dengan menggunakan ketokonazol respon hambatan koloni jamur kuat, konsentrasi 10%, 40%, dan 50% respon hambatan koloni jamur lemah, sedangkan konsentrasi 30% respon hambatan koloni jamur kuat. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 30% lebih efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur.

DETEKSI GEN TEM DAN GEN SHV PADA Klebsiella pneumoniae PADA SAMPEL URIN PASIEN RAWAT INAP

Ade Irma — 2024-06-07

One of the main causes of healthcare-related infections is the incidence of infections due to Klebsiella pneumonia which commonly causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). An increased risk of infection with Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria is associated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes, reduces the chances of treatment and increases mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to detect the TEM gene and SHV gene in Klebsiella pneumonia in the urine of hospitalized patients. The type of research used was laboratory observation with a cross sectional study approach using the Polymerase Chain Reaction method with 15 urine samples of hospitalized patients. The results of this study found 6 positive samples (40%) of Klebsiella pneumonia in the urine of hospitalized patients with a target size of 260bp. Then proceed with the detection of the TEM gene and SHV gene. Found 1 positive sample of TEM gene (16.6%) with a target size of 445bp and 4 positive samples of SHV gene (66.6%) with a target size of 747bp. The conclusion of this study was found TEM and SHV genes in Klebsiella pneumonia that were resistant to sepalosphorin antibiotics in hospitalized patients.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) DARAH YANG DISIMPAN PADA BERBAGAI TABUNG VACUTAINER

Sudarma Nyoman — 2024-06-07

Lead heavy metal (Pb) testing using blood specimens needs to pay attention to the selection of vacutainer tubes. The coagulant content in the vacutainer tube may affect the blood lead metal (Pb) levels examined. The types of vacutainer tubes that are often used in blood lead metal examination are red caps, purple caps, and dark blue caps. The vacutainer tube of the red cap does not contain coagulants while the purple cap contains EDTA coagulant, and the blue cap contains metal-free coagulants. The selection of the right type of vacutainer tube is a pre-analytical stage that affects the results of the examination. This study aims to determine the ratio of blood lead (Pb) levels stored in vacutainer tubes through accuracy tests. This study is an experimental study, which compares blood lead levels stored in the vacutainer tube of red, purple, yellow, and dark blue caps. The comparison is analyzed based on the validation of percent recovery. Each blood sample in the vacutainer tube was wet destroyed, and lead level analysis was performed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) with internal standard additions. Based on the results obtained, the percentage of recovery in red, purple, dark blue and yellow cap vacutainer tubes was 110%, 36.33%, 110%, and 21.6%, respectively. A good percentage of recovery is in the range of 80% - 110% so it can be concluded that the vacutainer tube of the red cap and dark blue cap has a lead content with a good percentage of recovery of 110%.

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN TELUR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN PEWARNA ALAMI DARI DAUN MIANA DAN KULIT BUAH NAGA

acivrida mega charisma — 2024-06-07

The simplest method for checking worm eggs is by a native technique using a 2% eosin reagent. Eosin itself has properties that are not easily decomposed, causing hazardous and easily flammable waste. Hence, an alternative staining method is needed, environmentally friendly, using natural materials, such as natural dye substances. This research aims to understand the depiction of results in examining Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) eggs using mint leaves and dragon fruit skin as alternative reagents. The research method involves examining feces using a direct method (wet preparation) to detect worm eggs in feces directly using a 2% Eosin solution. The comparison results between dragon fruit peel extract concentration using aquadest, tested with SPSS analysis version 20 using the Kruskal-Wallis method with a significance value of 0.09 ≥ 0.05, indicating significantly different research outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no difference in staining quality compared to the control. The conclusion drawn from this study is that there's no difference in staining worm egg suspensions using mint leaf extract. This is evident as when observing the worm egg suspension using mint leaf extract, the worm eggs were not clearer, unlike with dragon fruit skin and miana.

PENGARUH VARIASI LAMA PENYIMPANAN LARUTAN TURK MODIFIKASI AIR PERASAN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus Aurantifolia) TERHADAP HITUNG JUMLAH LEUKOSIT

hanipa sapria — 2024-06-07

The availability of Turk reagents for manual leukocyte count examinations, commonly performed by simple clinics or remote health centers, is often limited. This limitation can arise due to depletion or expiration of the reagents. Consequently, many researchers have sought to address this issue by developing modified Turk solutions, including those utilizing freshly squeezed lime juice, although the quality of these alternative reagents remains untested. This study aims to investigate the effects of storing modified Turk solutions with lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) at room temperature for 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days on leukocyte count. This experimental research employed a Post Test Only Control Group Design, with variations in storage duration 1, 7, 14 days replicated 12 times and analyzed statistically. The mean leukocyte counts were 6.083 cells/mm³ at 1 day, 7.612 cells/mm³ at 7 days, and 6.304 cells/mm³ at 14 days, while the control exhibited a count of 7.675 cells/mm³. The results of the ANOVA and LSD tests indicated significant differences in the leukocyte counts between day 1 and day 14 with the control Turk, whereas day 7 did not show such differences, however, the interpretation of the leukocyte count results for the lime-modified Turk solution on days 1, 7, and 14 still indicated compliance with the reference values, i.e., 4,000-10,000 cells/mm³.

PEMANFAATAN ARANG BIJI TERUNG BELANDA SEBAGAI PEWARNAAN ALTERNATIF KAPSUL BAKTERI

Bastian Bastian — 2024-06-07

Capsule staining is a technique used to determine whether a bacteria has a capsule in its body. The capsule is a polymer layer found outside the cell wall. Culture techniques can be used to identify Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. The aim of this research is to prove that Dutch eggplant seed charcoal can be used as an alternative reagent for capsule coloring. This research includes collecting tamarillo eggplant, scorching tamarillo seeds to make charcoal, grinding the charcoal from tamarillo seeds, making MCA media, planting Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria on the media, making a coloring solution from tamarillo seed charcoal with the addition of 4N NaOH, observing bacterial capsules microscopically . Next, to see the bacterial capsules, staining was carried out using tamarillo seed charcoal dye and nigrosin ink dye / India ink as a comparison. The quality of capsule coloring from Dutch eggplant seed charcoal is 62.5% and nigrosin ink / India ink is 75%. The results of the research show that the comparison between tamarillo seed charcoal dye and nigrosin ink / India ink as a comparison is only 12.5 so that the alternative tamarillo seed charcoal dye can be used as a substitute for capsule dye

GAMBARAN JUMLAH KOLONI Candida albicans TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA WANITA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS

Anik Puspita Ningrum — 2024-06-10

Diabetes mellitus terjadi dikarrenakan adanya gangguan pada metabolisme karbohidrat yang tidak stabil sehingga peningkatan kadar gula darah. Kenaikan kadar gula darah ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai jumlah koloni Candida albicans dalam urin pasien diabetes mellitus terkait dengan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (GDS). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (GDS) menggunakan point-of-care testing (POCT), dan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa urine menggunakan metode celup. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium parasitologi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional Surakarta, dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling terhadap 19 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai GDS berkisar antara 101 mg/dL hingga 313 mg/dL, dengan mayoritas responden memiliki GDS di atas batas normal. Pada wanita penderita diabetes mellitus, mayoritas hasil pemeriksaan glukosuria negatif, namun satu responden menunjukkan hasil positif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans pada urine wanita penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Karanganyar. Dengan demikian, kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah mayoritas respondendengani kadar GDS yang melebihi batas normal terdapat peningkatan jumlah koloni Candida albicans.

The PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS AIR PERASAN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DAN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa blimbi L) DALAM PEMERIKSAAN HITUNG JUMLAH LEUKOSIT

Anggraeni Sih Prabandari — 2024-06-10

Juice of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and starfruit (Averrhoa blimbi L) contain citric acid which has the same characteristics as glacial acetic acid in Turk's solution. This study was carried out to determine the potential of them as a substitute for glacial acetic acid in the leukocyte count and compare it with Turk's solution as a standard. We used three variations of concentration, namely 1%, 2% and 3%. The specimen used was venous blood with EDTA anticoagulant which was examined using an improved Neubauer counting chamber. The result showed average number of leukocytes calculated using a solution of star fruit and lime at a concentration of 1% was 6287 cells/mm³ vs 4537 cells/mm³, a concentration of 2% was 3525 cells/mm³ vs 3387 cells/mm³ and at a concentration of 3% was 2775 cells/mm³ vs 3225 cells/mm³. The number of leukocytes in the control (Turk's solution) was 7050 cells/mm³. Starfruit juices with a concentration of 1% gave the results closest to the control. Based on the results of the one-way ANOVA test, the sig value was 0.000 (p<0.05) and the independent t-test showed a value (p>0.05), which means that there was no difference in the number of leukocytes examined with Turk's solution and modified starfruit solution. We concluded, starfruit juices with a concentration of 1% was recommended as a substitute for Turk's solution than lime juice.

HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI DENGAN PROTEIN URINE PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI RSUD dr. SOEDIRMAN KEBUMEN

Dwiar Apriyanti — 2024-06-10

Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy is 2.6 - 7.3% of all pregnancy incidents which can have risks for pregnant women, which is usually called the Maternal Mortality Rate (AKI). Hypertension during pregnancy is one of the causes of maternal death which can be detected early through a urine protein test. Urine protein is an important sign of preeclampsia which is caused by the kidney tubules not having optimal capacity to absorb protein. Based on research by Wulandari et al (2022) which states that there is a significant relationship between urine protein and blood pressure levels in TM III pregnant women at the Madukara I Banjarnegara Community Health Center with p=0.003. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of hypertension and urine protein in pregnant women in TM III at RSUD dr. Soedirman Kebumen. The research method used Observational Analytical through a Cross-Sectional design with a sample of 40 people, carried out in May - July 2023 at the Laboratory of RSUD dr. Soedirman Kebumen. Based on this research, a value of p=0.052 (p>0.05) was obtained, so it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the incidence of hypertension and urine protein in TM III pregnant women at Dr. Soedirman Hospital, Kebumen.

Keywords: Hypertension, Third Trimester pregnant women, urine protein.

STATUS KADAR TROMBOSIT AKIBAT PAPARAN PESTISIDA PADA PETANI

Nur Vita Purwaningsih — 2024-06-10

Pesticides are substances or chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and public land to increase crop yields. Up to now, pesticides are the main choice for farmers to protect plants from the influence of various plant-disturbing organisms. Exposure to pesticides on the body can have a negative impact on components in the body, including blood. Pesticides can be estimated as one of the factors that affect the blood profile, one of which is thrombocyte. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of platelet levels in farmers exposed to pesticides in Trece Village, Mojokerto Regency. This research was a descriptive study with an observational design. This research was conducted by checking the thrombocyte count of farmers in Trece Village, Mojokerto Regency, which was carried out automatically using a hematology analyzer. The results showed that the farmers of Trece Village, Mojokerto Regency who had normal platelet levels were 26 people with a percentage of 87% and 4 people with a low percentage of 13%. The conclusion in this study is that not all reductions in thrombocyte levels are due to exposure to pesticides and not always those who exposed to pesticides have low thrombocyte level.

UJI TOKSISITAS MERKURI (Hg) TERHADAP ORGAN GINJAL PADA TIKUS GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN UREUM DAN KREATININ SERTA HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL

Narindro - Karsanto — 2024-06-10

Heavy metals have a bad effect for the body of animals and humans. The heavy metal that has the highest toxicity is mercury. Mercury (Hydrargyrum) is a chemical compound that is toxic to the body. Exposure to mercury that enters the body can cause acute and chronic poisoning effects as well as disturbances in various organ systems of the body. This study aims to determine the effect of subchronic toxicity on the kidneys by examining levels of urea, creatinine and histopathology of rat’s kidney organs.

In this preclinical study, the toxic compound used was mercury sulfate in powder form, then dissolved in aquabidest. This study used 12 male rats divided into 4 groups. The first group, the control group was given aquabidest solution, the 3 treatment groups were given mercury sulfate preparations at a dose of 10 mg/Kg BW, 20 mg/Kg BW, 30 mg/Kg BW. This research lasted for 4 weeks. Urea levels were checked three times, namely at week 0, week 2, and week 4 during the treatment period. At the end of the examination, the test animals were sacrificed for histopathological examination.

Administration of mercury sulfate with varying doses had an effect on the kidneys of rats as seen from the results of examination of unstable urea and creatinine levels, namely decreased and increased from normal limits, as well as histopathological examination of the kidneys which showed damage to the parts of the kidney. The conclusion of this study was that there was a toxic effect on the kidneys of white rats when exposed to mercury sulfate orally with graded doses for 4 weeks.

UJI RESISTENSI BAKTERI BASIL GRAM NEGATIF PADA SPUTUM PENDERITA PNEUMONIA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK LEVOFLOXACIN DAN CEFOTAXIM DI RSUP DR. SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO KLATEN

Ardy Prian Nirwana — 2024-06-10

Pneumonia is a common infection at all ages. It is the leading cause of death among all age groups with 4 million deaths (7% of the world's total mortality) (CDC, 2015). WHO in its 2017 report stated that more than 808,00 children under the age of 5 died from pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the sensitivity test of gram-negative bacilli bacteria in sputum samples of patients with pneumonia against Levofloxacin and Cefotaxime antibiotics at Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten General Hospital. This type of research is descriptive with purposive sampling technique. The population of this study were all sputum samples that were examined for culture at the Microbiology Laboratory of dr Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital. There were 26 samples with Acinetobacter baumannii as much as 32%, Klebsiella pneumoniae as much as 29%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as much as 26%, Enterobacter cloacae as much as 10%, and Kluyvera ascorbata as much as 3%. Antibiotic resistance test against gram negative rod bacteria found 30% of bacteria resistant to levofloxacin antibiotics and 63% resistant to cefotaxime antibiotics.

GAMBARAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT MENULAR SEKSUAL DALAM PEMERIKSAAN TRIPLE ELIMINASI PADA IBU HAMIL DI SIDOARJO

Galuh Destika Rahmadhanti — 2024-06-10

Ibu hamil merupakan salah satu dari populasi yang berisiko tertular penyakit menular seksual seperti Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Sifilis, dan Hepatitis B. Risiko penularan dari ibu ke anak untuk penyakit HIV/AIDS adalah 20-45%, untuk Sifilis adalah 69-80%, dan untuk Hepatitis B adalah lebih dari 90%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus penyakit menular seksual pada ibu hamil di Sidoarjo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di seluruh Puskesmas Kabupaten Sidoarjo pada tahun 2023. Sampel Penelitian ini adalah data pemeriksaan triple eliminasi pada K1 ANC di seluruh Puskesmas Kabupaten Sidoarjo Tahun 2023 (populasi total). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok usia 20-35 tahun adalah yang terbanyak pada ibu hamil HIV (87,5%), sifilis (90,0%), dan Hepatitis B (79,0%) Ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja adalah yang terbanyak pada penderita HIV (82,5%), sifilis (90,0%), dan hepatitis B (67,4%). Berdasarkan jumlah paritas ibu nullipara adalah yang terbanyak pada ibu HIV (46,3%), ibu sifilis terbanyak pada kelompok primipara (60,0%), HBsAg terbanyak pada kelompok primipara (41,7%). Usia kehamilan terbanyak pada ibu hamil dengan HIV adalah ≥25 minggu (47,5%), ibu hamil dengan sifilis terbanyak pada ≤ 12 minggu dan ≥25 minggu (40%), ibu hamil dengan hepatitis B terbanyak pada usia kehamilan 13-24 minggu (33,8%). Kesimpulannya usia, pekerjaan, jumlah paritas, dan usia kehamilan adalah karakteristik pada ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan triple eliminasi di puskesmas di Sidoarjo.