Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Tirosinase dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Murbei (Morus alba) dengan Metode Ekstraksi Hijau NADES Sebagai Agen Pencerah Kulit

Tanfidz Alishlah

doi:10.36341/jops.v7i2.4699

Tanfidz Alishlah Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jember

: https://doi.org/10.36341/jops.v7i2.4699

Abstract

Morus alba (mulberry) root contains a secondary metabolite of oxyresveratrol with its potential skin-brightening activity. The application of the green extraction method using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction with Natural Deep Eutectic Solution (NADES-UAE) was developed because of its advantages, namely it can increase extract yields, low toxicity profile, reduce extraction time, shorter extraction stages without evaporation, and can be applied directly in topical preparations for cosmetic products. To ensure the potential for skin-brightening activity, some activity tests on mulberry root extract are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro skin-brightening activity of mulberry root extract using NADES-UAE method. The method used was an in vitro tyrosinase enzyme inhibition test using a microplate reader and an antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The IC50 value of the best mulberry root extract (glycerin: urea 1:3 for 15 minutes) showed tyrosinase inhibition activity was 178.43 μg/mL. While the IC50 value in the best antioxidant activity test was 1392.14 μg/mL. Tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in three samples showed the best results having the highest oxyresveratrol content. NADES-UAE mulberry root extract has the potential as a cosmetic preparation for skin lightening and has antioxidant effects for skin health.

Keywords: mulberry, skin brightening, antioxidant, tyrosinase, NADES

References

Alishlah, T., Mun'im, A., & Jufri, M. (2019). Optimization of Urea-Glycerin Based NADES-UAE for Oxyresveratrol Extraction from Morus alba Roots for Preparation of Skin Whitening Lotion. Journal of Young Pharmacists.
Boo, Y.C. (2019). Human Skin Lightening Efficacy of Resveratrol and Its Analogs: From in Vitro Studies to Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel);8(9):332. doi:10.3390/antiox8090332.
Chan, E. W. C., Lim, Y. Y., Wong, L. F., Lianto, F. S., Wong, S. K., Lim, K. K., Lim, T. Y. (2008). Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition properties of leaves and rhizomes of ginger species. Food Chemistry, 109, 477–483.
Chang L.W, Juang L J., Wang B S., Wang, M.Y., Tai, H.M., Hung, W.J., Chen, Y.J., Huang, M.H. (2011). Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activity of Mulberry (Morus alba L) twigs and Root Bark. Food and Chemical Technology 49. 2011, 785-790.
Chang L.W, Juang L J., Wang B S., Wang, M.Y., Tai, H.M., Hung, W.J., Chen, Y.J., Huang, M.H. (2011). Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activity of Mulberry (Morus alba L) twigs and Root Bark. Food and Chemical Technology 49. 2011, 785-790.
Chang, T. S. (2009). An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10 (6), 2440–2475.
Dai, Y., Witkamp, G. J., Verpoorte, R., & Choi, Y. H. (2013). Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as a New Extraction Media for Phenolic Metabolites in Carthamus tinctorius L. Analytical Chemistry, 6272-6278.
Faizatun, A.E., Djajadisastra, J., & Mardliyati, E. (2017). The Study of Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activity of Extract from Mulberry Root (Morus alba L). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Vol. 9 (11), 2004-2008.
Hsu, J.H., Yang, C.S., Chen, J.J. (2022). Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Antityrosinase, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Bioactive Components from Morus alba. Antioxidants (Basel);11(11):2222. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112222.
Kim, J.K., Kim, M., Cho, S.G., Kim, M.K., Kim S.W. & Lim Y.H. (2010). Biotransformation of mulberroside A from Morus alba results in enhancement of tyrosinase inhibition. Journal of Industrial Microbiology Biotechnology, 37:631–637.
Kim, Y.M., Yun, J., Lee., C.K., Lee, H., Min, K.R., & Kim Y. (2002). Oxyresveratrol and Hydroxystilbene Compounds Inhibitory Effect on Tyrosinase and Mechanism of Action. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 277, no. 18, pp. 16340–16344.
Lee, S.Y., Baek, N., Nam, T. (2015). Natural, semisynthetic and synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 1–13.
Panja, P. (2017). Green extraction methods of food polyphenols from vegetable materials. Food Science, 17, 1-10.
Park, S.Y., Jin, B.R., Lee, Y.R., Kim, Y.J., Park, J.B., Jeon, Y.H., Choi, S.W., Kwon O. (2016). Postprandial hypoglycemic effects of mulberry twig and root bark in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Nutrition and Health, 49(1): 18 – 27.
Ruesgas-Ramón, M., Figueroa-Espinoza, MC & Durand, E. (2017). Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Phenolic Compounds Extraction: Overview, Challenges, and Opportunities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65 (18), 3591-3601.
Shin, N.H., Ryu, S.H., Choi, E.J., Kang, S.H., Chang, I.M., Min, K.R., Kim, Y. (1998). Oksiresveratrol as The Potent Inhibitor on Dopa Oxidase Activity of Mushroom Tirosinase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 243, 801–803.
Stratford, M.R., Ramsden, C.A., & Riley, P.A. (2013). Mechanistic studies of the inactivation of tyrosinase by resorcinol. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 21, 1166–1173.
Zhou, J., Li, S., Wang, W., Guo, X., Lu, X., Yan, X., Huang, D., Wei, B., Cao, L. (2013). Variations in the Levels of Mulberroside A, Oxyresveratrol, and Resveratrol in Mulberries in Different Seasons and during Growth. The Scientific World Journal, volume 2013, article ID 380692, 7 pages.

Tyrosinase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity Testing of Mulberry Roots Extract (Morus alba) with Green Extraction Method as Brightening Skin Agent

Abstract

References