Comparison Extraction Processed of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
:
Abstract
Coconut planted (Cocos nucifera L.) was one of the commodities that had high economic valued if managed properly. The numbered of coconut planted that grew could have used as superior products and high economic valued, one of which was by being used as virgin coconut oil or Virgin Coconut Oil. Better recognition of the beneficial health effects of coconut oil, especially virgin coconut oil is praised for its beneficial properties. The purpose of this studied was to determine the comparison of made VCO (virgin coconut oil) with or without the addition of pineapple filtrate. This researched is an experimental researched with the method of made VCO with variations in the addition of pineapple filtrate and without pineapple filtrate. The results showed the highest yield in VCO with the addition of pineapple filtrate 28%, the highest moisture content in VCO without the addition of pineapple filtrate 0.29%, the average free fatty acid content had the same value of 0.512%, the highest total plate numbered in VCO without the addition of pineapple filtrate 626 CFU/ml as well as positively contained alkaloids and saponins. The addition of pineapple filtrate could affect the yield of VCO produced but it needed to considered for its quality to met SNI and APCC quality requirements.
References
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antioxidant, proximate and nutritional values of virgin coconut oil (Cocus nucifera). Arabian
Journal of Chemical and Environmental Research, 07(02), 175–190. Available from:
www.mocedes.org.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Nacis J. S., Capanzana M. V., Dayrit F. M., Tanda K. V. 2021. Virgin coconut oil is
effective in lowering C-reactive protein levels among suspect and probable cases of COVID-19.
Journal of Functional Foods, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104557.
Assagaf M, Hidayat Y, Wahab A. 2020. Pengembangan Agribisnis Berkelanjutan Berorientasi Potensi dan
Karekteristik Wilayah Maluku Utara. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Agribisnis, p. 153–166.
Banowati G, Nurhidayati A. R. 2021. Pengaruh Umur Buah Kelapa Terhadap Rendemen Minyak VCO
(Virgin Coconut Oil). MEDIAGRO,17(1), 57–66.
Boemeke L, Marcadenti A, Busnello F. M, Gottschall C. B. A. 2015. Effects of Coconut Oil on Human
Health. Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 05(07):84–87.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2015.57011.
BPS. Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2023. Ternate : Badan Pusat Statistik.
Cahyani A, Tari A. I. N., Asmoro N. W. 2021. Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Rendemen dan Sifat
Fisikokimia VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, 7(1), 852–858.
Available from: http://www.profood.unram.ac.id/index.php/profood.
Chew Y-L. 2019. The beneficial properties of virgin coconut oil in management of atopic dermatitis.
Pharmacognosy Reviews, 13(25), 24-27. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_29_18.
Dalmadi. 2019. Development of “Immersion and Plated Filtering” as an Alternative of VCO Making. Jurnal
Biologi Tropis, 19(1), 116–22. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i1.1007.
Deen A, Visvanathan R, Wickramarachchi D, Marikkar N, Nammi S, Jayawardana B. C, et al. 2021.
Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview. J Sci Food Agric, 101(6),
2182–2193. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10870.
Devriany A, Kardinasari E, Harindra, Bohari. 2021. The effect of back rolling massage method with virgin
coconut oil extract towards breastmilk production on post partum mother in Pangkalpinang city,
Indonesia. Trends in Sciences, 18(22). https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.488.
Diningsih A, Yaturramadhan H. 2021. Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan Enzim Papain. Jurnal
Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(2), 219–223.
Effiong B. E., Adamu G. M., Na’isai M. A. K., & Umara M. G. 2019. Qualitative phytochemicals screening
and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of coconut oil extract on some selected bacteria and fungi.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 01(03), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
92
Eshtiaghi M. N, Nakthong N. 2021. Application of Enzymes for Coconut Oil Extraction. In: Journal of
Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing Ltd, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-
6596/1893/1/012006
Fajar R. 2019. Uji Kualitas Minyak VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) dan Minyak Konvensional Secara
Mikrobiologi Sebagai Pengembangan Mata Kuliah Mikrobiologi Lanjut. Program Studi Pendidikan
Biologi Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Ambon.
Famurewa A. C., Folawiyo A. M., Enohnyaket E. B., Azubuike-Osu S. O., Abi I., Obaje S. G., et al. 2018.
Beneficial role of virgin coconut oil supplementation against acute methotrexate chemotherapyinduced oxidative toxicity and inflammation in rats. Integrative Medicine Research, 7(3), 257–263.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2018.05.001.
Fitriani D, Widiyati E, Triawan D. A. 2021. Aplikasi Penggunaan Ekstrak Nanas dan Ragi Roti Sebagai
Biokatalisator Pembuatan VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Serta Pemurniannya Dengan Menggunakan
Zeolit Alam Bengkulu dan Abu Sekam Padi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 4(1), 8–19.
Ghosh P. K., Bhattacharjee P, Mitra S, Poddar-Sarkar M. 2014. Physicochemical and phytochemical
analyses of copra and oil of cocos nucifera L. (West coast tall variety). International Journal of
Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/310852.
Harimurti S, Rumagesan R. M., Susanawati. 2020. Environmentally friendly production method of virgin
coconut oil using enzymatic reaction. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering. Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/874/1/012004.
Ishak, Aji A, Israwati. 2019. Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi dan Berat Bonggol Nanas Pada Pembuatan Virgin
Coconut Oil (VCO). Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 8(1), 57–68. Available from:
http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/jtk.
Kappally S, Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A. 2015. Coconut Oil - A Review of Potential Applications. Hygeia
JDMed, 7(2), 3590. https://doi.org/10.15254/H.J.D.Med.7.2015.149.
Kardinasari E, Devriany A. 2020. Phytochemical identification of bangka origin virgin green coconut oil:
Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial potential. Enferm Clin, 30, 171–174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.062.
Kusuma M. A., Putri N. A. 2020. Review: Asam Lemak Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dan Manfaatnya untuk
Kesehatan. Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis, 4(1), 93–107.
Ma Z. F., Lee Y. Y. 2016. Virgin Coconut Oil and its Cardiovascular Health Benefits. Nat Prod Commun,
11(8):1151–1152. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.
Mulyadi A. F., Schreiner M, Dewi I. A. 2019. An overview of factors that affected in quality of virgin
coconut oil. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. American Institute of Physics Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115683.
National Standard of Indonesia No. 7381. 2008. Virgin Coconut Oil. Jakarta : Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Ng Y. J., Tham P. E., Khoo K. S., Cheng C. K., Chew K. W., Show P. L. 2021. A comprehensive review
on the techniques for coconut oil extraction and its application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng,
44(9):1807–1818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02577-9.
Philippine National Standard for virgin coconut oil (VCO). 2004. Bureau of Product standards. Philippine:
Department of Trade and Industry.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
93
Prayitno S. A. 2019. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Product Obtained
Through Fermentation and Enzymatic. Food Science and Technology Journal, 2(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.25139/fst.v2i1.1590.
Rahmalia I, Kusumayanti H. 2021. The Optimization of Addition of Bromelain Enzyme Catalyst on the
Fermentation of Coconut Milk to VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Using Tempeh Yeast. Journal of
Vocational Studies on Applied Research, 3(2), 31–7. https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.11949.
Ramesh S. V., Pandiselvam R, Thushara R, Manikantan M. R., Hebbar K. B., Beegum S, et al. 2020.
Engineering intervention for production of virgin coconut oil by hot process and multivariate
analysis of quality attributes of virgin coconut oil extracted by various methods. J Food Process
Eng, 43(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13395.
Resminiasari N, Rahmat S, Imbarwati S. 2018. Budidaya Tanaman Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) Ditinjau dari
Segi Ekonomi. Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan, Agroteknologi. Available from:
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90324/.
Rifdah, Melani A, Amini Reformis Intelekta A. 2021. Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan
Metode Enzimatis Menggunakan Sari Bonggol Nanas. Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika, 12.
Rohman A, Irnawati, Erwanto Y, Lukitaningsih E, Rafi M, Fadzilah N. A, et al. 2021. Virgin Coconut Oil:
Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activities and Its Authentication Analysis. Food
Reviews International. Bellwether Publishing, 37, 46–66.
https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2019.1687515.
Rohyami Y, Hidayat H, Rizky Wijaya A, Fatimah I. 2022. Papain Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Virgin
Coconut Oil as Candidate In-House Reference Material. Processes. 10(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020315.
Roni K. A., Rifdah, Melani A, Amini Reformis A. I, Martini S. 2022. Making Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
With Enzymatic Method Using Pineapple Hump Extract. International Journal of Science,
Teknology & Management, 3(3), 685–689. Available from: http://ijstm.inarah.co.id.
Saria L. D. C. K., Pramitha D. A. Y., Wardani I. G. A. A. K. 2022. Analisis Angka Lempeng Total Minyak
Balur Kombinasi VCO dan Cabai Jawa (Piper Retrofractum Vahl.) Dengan Variasi Suhu
Pemanasan. Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional, 2(1): 14-20. Available from:
https://usadha.unmas.ac.id.
Satheeshan K, Author C, Seema B, Meera Manjusha A. 2019. Quality analysis of virgin coconut oil
processed through different methods. J Pharmacogn Phytochem, 8(3). Available from:
http://www.phytojournal.com.
Soo P. P., Ali Y, Lai O. M., Kuan C. H., Tang T. K., Lee Y. Y., et al. 2020. Enzymatic and Mechanical
Extraction of Virgin Coconut Oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 122(5).
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201900220.
Srivastava Y, Semwal A. D, Majumdar A. 2016. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of bioactive
components present in virgin coconut oil. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1164929.
Teng M, Zhao Y. J., Khoo A. L., Yeo T. C, Yong Q. W., Lim B. P. 2020. Impact of coconut oil consumption
on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Nutrition Reviews, 78(3), 249–
259. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz074.
Vala G. S. , Kapadiya P. K. 2014. Medicinal Benefits of Coconut Oil (A Review paper). International
Journal of Life Sciences Research, 2(4), 124–126. Available from: www.researchpublish.com.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
94
Yuniwati M, Kusmartono B, Andaka G, Rama N. N. 2021. Pemanfaatan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia)
Pada Pebuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Dari Santan Kelapa. Jurnal Teknologi, 14(1), 64–71.
https://doi.org/10.34151/jurtek.v14i1.3573.
antioxidant, proximate and nutritional values of virgin coconut oil (Cocus nucifera). Arabian
Journal of Chemical and Environmental Research, 07(02), 175–190. Available from:
www.mocedes.org.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Nacis J. S., Capanzana M. V., Dayrit F. M., Tanda K. V. 2021. Virgin coconut oil is
effective in lowering C-reactive protein levels among suspect and probable cases of COVID-19.
Journal of Functional Foods, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104557.
Assagaf M, Hidayat Y, Wahab A. 2020. Pengembangan Agribisnis Berkelanjutan Berorientasi Potensi dan
Karekteristik Wilayah Maluku Utara. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Agribisnis, p. 153–166.
Banowati G, Nurhidayati A. R. 2021. Pengaruh Umur Buah Kelapa Terhadap Rendemen Minyak VCO
(Virgin Coconut Oil). MEDIAGRO,17(1), 57–66.
Boemeke L, Marcadenti A, Busnello F. M, Gottschall C. B. A. 2015. Effects of Coconut Oil on Human
Health. Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 05(07):84–87.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2015.57011.
BPS. Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2023. Ternate : Badan Pusat Statistik.
Cahyani A, Tari A. I. N., Asmoro N. W. 2021. Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Rendemen dan Sifat
Fisikokimia VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, 7(1), 852–858.
Available from: http://www.profood.unram.ac.id/index.php/profood.
Chew Y-L. 2019. The beneficial properties of virgin coconut oil in management of atopic dermatitis.
Pharmacognosy Reviews, 13(25), 24-27. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_29_18.
Dalmadi. 2019. Development of “Immersion and Plated Filtering” as an Alternative of VCO Making. Jurnal
Biologi Tropis, 19(1), 116–22. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i1.1007.
Deen A, Visvanathan R, Wickramarachchi D, Marikkar N, Nammi S, Jayawardana B. C, et al. 2021.
Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview. J Sci Food Agric, 101(6),
2182–2193. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10870.
Devriany A, Kardinasari E, Harindra, Bohari. 2021. The effect of back rolling massage method with virgin
coconut oil extract towards breastmilk production on post partum mother in Pangkalpinang city,
Indonesia. Trends in Sciences, 18(22). https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.488.
Diningsih A, Yaturramadhan H. 2021. Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan Enzim Papain. Jurnal
Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(2), 219–223.
Effiong B. E., Adamu G. M., Na’isai M. A. K., & Umara M. G. 2019. Qualitative phytochemicals screening
and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of coconut oil extract on some selected bacteria and fungi.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 01(03), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
92
Eshtiaghi M. N, Nakthong N. 2021. Application of Enzymes for Coconut Oil Extraction. In: Journal of
Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing Ltd, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-
6596/1893/1/012006
Fajar R. 2019. Uji Kualitas Minyak VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) dan Minyak Konvensional Secara
Mikrobiologi Sebagai Pengembangan Mata Kuliah Mikrobiologi Lanjut. Program Studi Pendidikan
Biologi Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Ambon.
Famurewa A. C., Folawiyo A. M., Enohnyaket E. B., Azubuike-Osu S. O., Abi I., Obaje S. G., et al. 2018.
Beneficial role of virgin coconut oil supplementation against acute methotrexate chemotherapyinduced oxidative toxicity and inflammation in rats. Integrative Medicine Research, 7(3), 257–263.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2018.05.001.
Fitriani D, Widiyati E, Triawan D. A. 2021. Aplikasi Penggunaan Ekstrak Nanas dan Ragi Roti Sebagai
Biokatalisator Pembuatan VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Serta Pemurniannya Dengan Menggunakan
Zeolit Alam Bengkulu dan Abu Sekam Padi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 4(1), 8–19.
Ghosh P. K., Bhattacharjee P, Mitra S, Poddar-Sarkar M. 2014. Physicochemical and phytochemical
analyses of copra and oil of cocos nucifera L. (West coast tall variety). International Journal of
Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/310852.
Harimurti S, Rumagesan R. M., Susanawati. 2020. Environmentally friendly production method of virgin
coconut oil using enzymatic reaction. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering. Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/874/1/012004.
Ishak, Aji A, Israwati. 2019. Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi dan Berat Bonggol Nanas Pada Pembuatan Virgin
Coconut Oil (VCO). Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 8(1), 57–68. Available from:
http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/jtk.
Kappally S, Shirwaikar A, Shirwaikar A. 2015. Coconut Oil - A Review of Potential Applications. Hygeia
JDMed, 7(2), 3590. https://doi.org/10.15254/H.J.D.Med.7.2015.149.
Kardinasari E, Devriany A. 2020. Phytochemical identification of bangka origin virgin green coconut oil:
Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial potential. Enferm Clin, 30, 171–174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.062.
Kusuma M. A., Putri N. A. 2020. Review: Asam Lemak Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dan Manfaatnya untuk
Kesehatan. Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis, 4(1), 93–107.
Ma Z. F., Lee Y. Y. 2016. Virgin Coconut Oil and its Cardiovascular Health Benefits. Nat Prod Commun,
11(8):1151–1152. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.
Mulyadi A. F., Schreiner M, Dewi I. A. 2019. An overview of factors that affected in quality of virgin
coconut oil. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. American Institute of Physics Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115683.
National Standard of Indonesia No. 7381. 2008. Virgin Coconut Oil. Jakarta : Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Ng Y. J., Tham P. E., Khoo K. S., Cheng C. K., Chew K. W., Show P. L. 2021. A comprehensive review
on the techniques for coconut oil extraction and its application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng,
44(9):1807–1818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02577-9.
Philippine National Standard for virgin coconut oil (VCO). 2004. Bureau of Product standards. Philippine:
Department of Trade and Industry.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
93
Prayitno S. A. 2019. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Product Obtained
Through Fermentation and Enzymatic. Food Science and Technology Journal, 2(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.25139/fst.v2i1.1590.
Rahmalia I, Kusumayanti H. 2021. The Optimization of Addition of Bromelain Enzyme Catalyst on the
Fermentation of Coconut Milk to VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Using Tempeh Yeast. Journal of
Vocational Studies on Applied Research, 3(2), 31–7. https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.11949.
Ramesh S. V., Pandiselvam R, Thushara R, Manikantan M. R., Hebbar K. B., Beegum S, et al. 2020.
Engineering intervention for production of virgin coconut oil by hot process and multivariate
analysis of quality attributes of virgin coconut oil extracted by various methods. J Food Process
Eng, 43(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13395.
Resminiasari N, Rahmat S, Imbarwati S. 2018. Budidaya Tanaman Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) Ditinjau dari
Segi Ekonomi. Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan, Agroteknologi. Available from:
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90324/.
Rifdah, Melani A, Amini Reformis Intelekta A. 2021. Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan
Metode Enzimatis Menggunakan Sari Bonggol Nanas. Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika, 12.
Rohman A, Irnawati, Erwanto Y, Lukitaningsih E, Rafi M, Fadzilah N. A, et al. 2021. Virgin Coconut Oil:
Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activities and Its Authentication Analysis. Food
Reviews International. Bellwether Publishing, 37, 46–66.
https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2019.1687515.
Rohyami Y, Hidayat H, Rizky Wijaya A, Fatimah I. 2022. Papain Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Virgin
Coconut Oil as Candidate In-House Reference Material. Processes. 10(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020315.
Roni K. A., Rifdah, Melani A, Amini Reformis A. I, Martini S. 2022. Making Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
With Enzymatic Method Using Pineapple Hump Extract. International Journal of Science,
Teknology & Management, 3(3), 685–689. Available from: http://ijstm.inarah.co.id.
Saria L. D. C. K., Pramitha D. A. Y., Wardani I. G. A. A. K. 2022. Analisis Angka Lempeng Total Minyak
Balur Kombinasi VCO dan Cabai Jawa (Piper Retrofractum Vahl.) Dengan Variasi Suhu
Pemanasan. Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional, 2(1): 14-20. Available from:
https://usadha.unmas.ac.id.
Satheeshan K, Author C, Seema B, Meera Manjusha A. 2019. Quality analysis of virgin coconut oil
processed through different methods. J Pharmacogn Phytochem, 8(3). Available from:
http://www.phytojournal.com.
Soo P. P., Ali Y, Lai O. M., Kuan C. H., Tang T. K., Lee Y. Y., et al. 2020. Enzymatic and Mechanical
Extraction of Virgin Coconut Oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 122(5).
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201900220.
Srivastava Y, Semwal A. D, Majumdar A. 2016. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of bioactive
components present in virgin coconut oil. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1164929.
Teng M, Zhao Y. J., Khoo A. L., Yeo T. C, Yong Q. W., Lim B. P. 2020. Impact of coconut oil consumption
on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Nutrition Reviews, 78(3), 249–
259. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz074.
Vala G. S. , Kapadiya P. K. 2014. Medicinal Benefits of Coconut Oil (A Review paper). International
Journal of Life Sciences Research, 2(4), 124–126. Available from: www.researchpublish.com.Marwati et al.,
Journal of Pharmacy and Science | Vol. 7 No. 1 | Dec 2023
94
Yuniwati M, Kusmartono B, Andaka G, Rama N. N. 2021. Pemanfaatan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia)
Pada Pebuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Dari Santan Kelapa. Jurnal Teknologi, 14(1), 64–71.
https://doi.org/10.34151/jurtek.v14i1.3573.
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2023-12-30
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